Seasonal Comparison of the Wildfire Emissions in Southern African Region during the Strong ENSO Events of 2010/11 and 2015/16 Using Trend Analysis and Anomaly Detection

This study investigates the wildfire biomass-burning emission levels during strong El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) events of 2010–2011 (characterized by a La Niña event) and 2015–2016 Niño over southern African region. Specifically, parameters black carbon (BC), monoxide (CO) sulfur dioxide (SO2) were investigated. Of interest in current was (2015–2016) (2010–2011) main fire seasons Africa, i.e., June–July–August (JJA) September–October–November (SON). Furthermore, looks at how meteorological (temperature precipitation) are influenced two ENSO events. The sequential Mann–Kendall (SQMK) test is used to long-term trends parameters. Anomaly detection on performed using seasonal trend decomposition loess (STL) generalized extreme studentized deviate (GESD). Overall, results show higher SO2, CO, BC JJA season compared SON season. SQMK an increasing time, indicating increase amount biomass burning. GESD showed significant anomalies for BC, CO emanating from On other hand, no detected temperature precipitation. this highlight effect emissions, thus retrospectively showing potential future events, especially context climate change.